Bougainvillea is a genus of tropical and subtropical woody vines or shrubs, known for their vibrant, colorful bracts (modified leaves) that surround small, inconspicuous flowers, and their thorny stems. 

Here's a more detailed description:

Key Characteristics:

Growth Habit:

Bougainvillea are woody vines or shrubs that can grow up to 15-40 feet tall, scrambling over other plants or trellises. 

Leaves:

They have dark green, ovate to heart-shaped leaves that grow in alternate arrangements. 

Flowers:

The actual flowers are small, tubular, and typically white or yellow, but are often overshadowed by the brightly colored bracts. 

Bracts:

These are the modified leaves that surround the flowers and come in a wide array of colors, including shades of pink, purple, red, orange, and white. 

Thorns:

Bougainvillea are characterized by their thorny stems, which are used to climb and support themselves. 

Native Region:

Bougainvillea are native to South America, particularly Brazil, Peru, and Argentina. 

Cultivation:

They are well-suited to hot, dry climates and are often grown as annuals or container plants. 

Additional Notes:

• Bougainvillea are drought-tolerant once established.
• They require full sun and well-drained soil.
• They are often used for landscaping, particularly along fences, walls, and trellises.
• The genus is named after Louis Antoine de Bougainville, a French naval officer.
• Bougainvillea are sterile and are propagated from stem cuttings.