The Karonda plant, scientifically known as Carissa carandas, is a hardy, evergreen, thorny shrub or small tree that is native to India and Sri Lanka. It is known for its edible, sour-sweet berries that turn from green to red or purple when ripe. The plant is widely cultivated in India and other warm-climate countries and is valued for its medicinal properties and culinary uses. 

Karonda Plant (Carissa Carandas) in 8" Pot

Here's a more detailed description:

General Appearance:

Growth Habit: Karonda is a medium-sized, thorny shrub or small tree, typically growing 2 to 4 meters tall. 

Bark: Young shoots have greenish-white bark, while mature stems are greyish brown. 

Spines: The plant has sharp, straight spines that are 1-3 cm long. 

Leaves: Leaves are dark green, oval-shaped, and 2-3 cm long. 

Flowers: Small, white or yellowish flowers bloom in clusters. 

Fruits: The fruit is a berry, typically round, and grows in clusters of 3-10. Unripe fruits are greenish-white and sour, while ripe fruits turn reddish-purple and become sweeter. 

Botanical Details:

Family: Apocynaceae.

Origin: Native to India and Sri Lanka, now cultivated in other warm-climate regions.

Hardiness: Drought-resistant and can tolerate a wide range of soil types. 

Cultivation and Uses:

Cultivation:

Karonda is easy to cultivate and is relatively free from serious pests. It thrives in well-draining soil and full sunlight. 

Edible Fruits:

The fruits are used in various culinary preparations like pickles, chutneys, jams, jellies, and beverages. 

Medicinal Properties:

Karonda fruits and other parts of the plant have been used in traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) for various ailments. 

Other Uses:

It is also grown as an ornamental plant and for hedging. 

Key characteristics that define Karonda:

Thorny Shrub: Its sharp spines are a distinctive feature.

Edible Berries: The fruits are a popular ingredient in Indian cuisine.

Medicinal Properties: It has a long history of use in traditional medicine.

Adaptability: It can grow in diverse conditions.